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                         Question Reference Number:: 43252
   Title: The reason why the husband is regarded as superior and is given the role of qawwaam
                            (protector and maintainer)

Home > Jurisprudence and Islamic Rulings > Transactions > Marriage > Kind
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Question:

     I am a Muslim girl, praise be to Allaah. I have read a lot and I have heard the
     scholars speak about the husband’s rights over his wife, and how great he is. I
     have heard ahaadeeth which speak sternly about a woman disobeying her
     husband. I want to obey the commands of Allaah and His Messenger when I get
     married, if Allaah wills, but I have a question, if I may ask about it. This question
     is going around in the minds of many women, but they are too embarrassed to
     ask them lest they be accused of ignorance or of denying the command of Allaah
     and His Messenger. The question is: what is it that makes the man superior so
     that he deserves all these rights over women?.

Answer:

     Praise be to Allaah.
     

    The great rights that a husband has over his wife are something that is
    affirmed in sharee’ah, as Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

    “And they (women) have rights (over their husbands as regards living
    expenses) similar (to those of their husbands) over them (as regards
    obedience and respect) to what is reasonable, but men have a degree (of
    responsibility) over them. And Allaah is All-Mighty, All-Wise”

    [al-Baqarah 2:228]

    “Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allaah has
    made one of them to excel the other, and because they spend (to support
    them) from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly
    obedient (to Allaah and to their husbands), and guard in the husband’s
    absence what Allaah orders them to guard (e.g. their chastity and their
    husband’s property). As to those women on whose part you see
    ill?conduct, admonish them (first), (next) refuse to share their beds, (and
    last) beat them (lightly, if it is useful); but if they return to obedience, seek
    not against them means (of annoyance). Surely, Allaah is Ever Most High,
    Most Great”

    [al-Nisa’ 4:34]

    And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “If I
    were to command anyone to prostrate to anyone other than Allaah, I
    would have commanded women to prostrate to their husbands. By the
    One in Whose hand is the soul of Muhammad, no woman can fulfil her
    duty towards Allaah until she fulfils her duty towards her husband. If he
    asks her (for intimacy) even if she is on her camel saddle, she should not
    refuse.”

    Narrated by Ibn Maajah, 1853; classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh
    Ibn Maajah. 

    And there are other similar texts.

    Allaah has explained the reason in the verse where He says (interpretation
    of the meaning):

    “because Allaah has made one of them to excel the other, and because
    they spend (to support them) from their means”

    [al-Nisa’ 4:34]

    This superiority is something that Allaah has decreed, and He is not to be
    questioned about what He does, rather they are to be questioned. It is also
    because of what the man does, spending on his family and striving to earn
    a living for them.

    Ibn Katheer (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in his Tafseer (1/363):
    “The phrase ‘but men have a degree (of responsibility) over them’ means
    that they are superior in physical nature, attitude, status, obedience to the
    commands of Allaah, spending, taking care of interests, and virtue, in this
    world and in the Hereafter, as Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

    ‘Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allaah has
    made one of them to excel the other, and because they spend (to support
    them) from their means’

    [al-Nisa’4:34].” End quote.

    He also said (1/653): “Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): ‘Men
    are the protectors and maintainers of women’ meaning that men are in
    charge of women, i.e., they are their leaders, who rule over them and
    discipline them if they go astray. ‘because Allaah has made one of them
    to excel the other’ means, because men are superior to women, and men
    are better than women. Hence Prophethood was given to men only, as is
    the highest position of authority (i.e., khilaafah or the position of caliph),
    because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:
    “No people will ever succeed who appoint a woman as their ruler.”
    Narrated by al-Bukhaari from the hadeeth of ‘Abd al-Rahmaan ibn Abi
    Bakr from his father. The same applies to the position of judge etc. ‘and
    because they spend (to support them) from their means’ means, because
    of the mahr, spending and maintenance that Allaah has enjoined upon
    men with regard to women in His Book and in the Sunnah of His Prophet
    peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). So men are better than
    women in and of themselves, and they have the responsibility to spend on
    them and maintain them, so it is appropriate that the man should be the
    protector and maintainer of the woman, as Allaah says (interpretation of
    the meaning): ‘but men have a degree (of responsibility) over them’, i.e.,
    they are in charge of them. She should obey him in that which he
    commands her to do, and obeying him means treating his family well and
    protecting his wealth.” End quote.

    Al-Baghawi said in his Tafseer (2/206):  “ ‘because Allaah has made one
    of them to excel the other’ means, men excel women because they have
    more powers of reason and religious commitment and they are in charge
    of affairs. And it was said that this refers to giving testimony, because
    Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): ‘And if there are not two men
    (available), then a man and two women’ [al-Baqarah 2:282].  And it
    was said that it refers to jihad, or to worship i.e., Jumu’ah and prayers in
    congregation, or that it refers to the fact that a man may marry four wives,
    but a woman is not permitted more than one husband; or the fact that
    divorce is in the man’s hand; or that it refers to inheritance, or to diyah
    (blood money), or to Prophethood.”

    Al-Baydaawi said in his Tafseer (2/184): “ ‘Men are the protectors and
    maintainers of women’ means that they are in charge of them and take
    care of them. He gave two reasons for that, one that is inherent in them
    and one that is acquired subsequently, and said: ‘because Allaah has
    made one of them to excel the other’, because Allaah has favoured men
    over women by making men more perfect in reasoning and running
    affairs, and has given them more strength with regard to work and acts of
    worship. Hence men are singled out when it comes to Prophethood,
    leadership, guardianship, establishing rituals, giving testimony in legal
    matters, the obligation to engage in jihad and pray Jumu’ah, and so on,
    and they are given a greater share of inheritance, and divorce is in the
    man’s hand. ‘and because they spend (to support them) from their means’
    refers to what they spend with regard to marriage, such as the mahr and
    maintenance, etc.” End quote.

    In conclusion, men have been given the role of protectors and maintainers
    for the two reasons mentioned in the verse, one of which is inherent i.e.,
    Allaah has made men superior to women, and the other of which is
    acquired by the man through his own hard work, which his spending his
    wealth on his wife.

    And Allaah knows best.

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