LESSONS FROM THE NOBLE QUR'AAN
by Shaykh Saalih ibn Fowzaan ibn 'Abdillah Al-Fowzaan
Translation by Moosaa Richardson exclusively for MAKKAHnet




Part Nine - Tawheed Expounded Upon in Aayatul-Kursee


[ In the Name of Allaah, the Lord of all that exists, the only One to whom
worship is due, may His complete Salaah and Salaam be upon His Messenger
Muhammad, to proceed: ]


Allaah says in Aayatul-Kursee [1]:


( Allaah, there is none deserving worship other than Him,
the Ever-Living, the Sustainer of everything.
Neither slumber nor sleep overtake Him.
To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is on earth.
Who is the one who can intercede without His Permission?
He knows what is in front of them and what is behind them.
They will never comprehend anything from His Knowledge
except what He allows them to.
His Kursee [2] is more expansive than the heavens and the earth,
and He does not grow tired of protecting them both (the heavens
and the earth), and He is the Highest and the Greatest. )


This is the greatest verse in the Book of Allaah [3], the Mighty and
Majestic.  It contains the three categories of tawheed - ruboobiyyah,
uloohiyyah, and asmaa' was-sifaat.  Allaah gathered them all in this verse,
using negation and affirmation [4], where He negates shortcomings and
deficiencies for Himself, and affirms completeness for Himself, Most
Glorified and Exalted.


In the first part of the verse is the mention of tawheed al-uloohiyyah:


( Allaah, there is none deserving worship other than Him )


Then Allaah mentions tawheed al-asmaa' was-sifaat:


( The Ever-Living, the Sustainer of everything )


This affirms for Allaah the attributes of life and that He sustains others
[5].  Then Allaah says:


( Neither slumber nor sleep overtake Him )


This is a negation.  Allaah negates that these deficiencies, slumber and
sleep, could be attributed to Him.  Then Allaah says:


( To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is on earth )


This is an affirmation of His Ruboobiyyah, that He owns the heavens and the
earth and all that is in them.  Then He, Most Glorified, says:


( Who is the one who can intercede without His Permission? )


This is a negation.  Allaah negates that anyone could intercede without His
Permission, due to His complete Greatness, may He be Glorified and Exalted. 
No one could possibly intercede with Him, except after He allows them.  Then
Allaah says:


( He knows what is in front of them and what is behind them )


This is an affirmation establishing the complete Knowledge of Allaah, the
Mighty and Majestic, the One who knows everything from the affairs of the
past, present, and future.  Nothing is hidden from Him, as His Knowledge is
vast and encompasses everything.  Then He, the Mighty and Majestic, says:


( They will never comprehend anything from His Knowledge
except what He allows them to )


This is a negation.  Allaah nullifies the idea that His Creation could gain
some of His Knowledge without Him giving them access to it.  So if He does
not allow them to have knowledge of something, then it is considered ghayb
(unseen), and no one knows the ghayb except Allaah.  Then Allaah says:


( His Kursee [2] is more expansive than the heavens and the earth )


The Kursee is a created thing from Allaah's Creation, and indeed it is a
great creation!  The heavens and the earth in relationship to the Kursee are
like seven coins tossed into am open plain of earth [6], or like seven coins
tossed onto a large plate [7].  What would seven small coins look like in
this situation?  So Allaah's Kursee is bigger than the heavens and the earth.
His Kursee is not His Throne, as these are two separate things.  The Throne
is even greater than the Kursee.


And the Kursee is nothing in comparison to the Throne, except like an iron
ring tossed into a spacious plain of earth [8].  So if the Kursee is like
this, then what about the Throne of Ar-Rahmaan, Most Glorified and Exalted?!


Therefore, all of the creation in relationship to Allaah is very small and
nothing in comparison to Him.  If only one thing from Allaah's Creation, the
Kursee, is bigger than the heavens and the earth, but still smaller than the
Throne, then Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic, is greater than everything.


Allaah then says:


( And He does not grow tired of protecting them both
(the heavens and the earth) )


This is a negation, meaning that nothing is difficult or burdensome on Him,
Most Glorified.  Protecting and preserving the heavens and the earth from
corruption and distortion does not tire Him, nor does His holding them in
place cause Him any fatigue [9]:


( And He holds up the sky so that it does not fall
upon the earth, except with His Permission )


And Allaah says [10]:


( And He raised up the heavens
without any support that you can see )


And Allaah also says [11]:


( Verily Allaah holds up the heavens and the earth
so that they do not slip from their places )


And Allaah the Glorified is not in need of the heavens nor the earth, nor the
Throne nor
Kursee, nor is He is need of anything from the things He created.  It is the
creation that is in dire need of Him, the Most Glorified and Exalted.


As for the last part of Aayatul-Kursee:


( And He is the Highest and the Greatest )


Allaah is the Al-'Aliyy (the Highest) by His Presence, Power, and Subjugation
of His Servants.  He is the Al-'Atheem (the Greatest), by way of His
Greatness and Pride.


This verse, Aayatul-Kursee, as explained, contains mention of all three
categories of
tawheed.




FOOTNOTES:


[1] The meaning of Soorah Al-Baqarah (2):255


[2] Translator's note: kursee: chair (literally), it is reported that
'Abdullaah ibn 'Abbaas said, "It is the place for the two feet" (a
footstool).  See the Tafseer of Ibn Katheer.  This is also reported to be the
statement of Aboo Moosaa Al-Ash'aree, as found in the Tafseer of Al-Qurtubee.



[3] Translator's note: On the authority of Ubayy ibn Ka'b, may Allaah be
pleased with him, he said that the Prophet (sallallaahu 'alayhe wa sallam)
said, "O Abaa Munthir!  Do you know what the greatest verse in the Book of
Allaah is?"
He replied, "Allaah and His Messenger know best." The Prophet (sallallaahu
'alayhe wa sallam) then repeated his question, to which Ubayy answered with
Aayatul-Kursee.  The Prophet (sallallaahu 'alayhe wa sallam) then hit him in
his chest and said, "So the knowledge weakens you, O Abaa Munthir!" The
hadeeth is found in Saheeh Muslim (#1882).


[4] Translator's note: Negation and affirmation is the strongest way to
convey a point in the 'Arabic language.  It means to negate or nullify the
existence of everything, and then make an exception to that, mentioning the
thing to be affirmed.  For example, instead of simply saying, "Allaah is who
we worship," or, "We only worship Allaah alone," we say as our testimony of
faith with the strongest phrase that one can utter,
"There is none worthy of worship except Allaah," using this technique of
first negating everything worshipped and then making a single exception to
that.


[5] Translator's note: And two of His Names as well - Al-Hayy and Al-Qayyoom.


[6] Translator's note: In his explanation of Aayatul-Kursee, Ibn Katheer
brings a narration on the authority of Zayd ibn Thaabit (may Allaah be
pleased with him), the Prophet (sallallaahu 'alayhe wa sallam) allegedly
said, "The seven heavens are nothing in comparison to the Kursee, except like
seven small coins tossed onto a large plate." Allaah knows best about the
authenticity of this hadeeth.


[7] Translator's note:  On the authority of Aboo Tharr (may Allaah be pleased
with him), the Prophet (sallallaahu 'alayhe wa sallam) said, "The seven
heavens are nothing in comparison to the Kursee, except like a ring tossed
into a spacious plain of earth." It was collected by Muhammad ibn Abee
Shaybah in his book Kitaab Al-'Arsh (1/114), and Al-Albaanee authenticated it
in
Silsilatul-Ahaadeethis-Saheehah (#109).


[8] Translator's note:  Ibn Katheer brings a narration on the authority of
Aboo Tharr, the Prophet (sallallaahu 'alayhe wa sallam) said, "The Kursee is
nothing in comparison to the Throne, except like an iron ring tossed into a
spacious plain of earth." Al-Albaanee authenticated it in his checking of
Al-'Aqeedah At-Tahaawiyyah (p.280).


[9] The meaning of Soorah al-Hajj (22):65


[10] The meaning of Soorah Ar-Ra'd (13):2


[11] The meaning of Soorah Faatir (35):41

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